Google takes few factors into consideration, for indexing a page much faster. Here is a small review for this question.

Most of the time Google takes of time to index some web content from the internet. If you are want google to index your pages faster then I would seriously recommend you to use Google Webmaster tools, I mean if you can really use it well Google does take your pages very faster into their index.

Another factor that effects the speed of Google indexing process is linking. If you can get a link from a reputed website or a blog then Google would be able to index your site much faster than you can ever imagine most of the time your page will be indexed in minutes.

Update: (28/12/2009)

Google’s Indexing process became really tougher these days, it seems Google’s new algorithm “Caffeine” is taking the control over the previous search algorithm. In the mean while Matt, already said that there are over 200 factors that affects good search and page rankings and most important factor we consider is the loading time of the website/blog you own or work for. Here are some tips that might help you for better indexing process

• Try to minimize the loading time of your blog/websites as much as you can, make sure all the elements that are linked to your site are loading properly and quickly. This tells search engines that your site is user friendly without any bracken elements.

• Check for the broken links inside the website, they can indeed affect your rankings in search engines.

• Have a clear cut URL : Many blogs, (especially wordpress blogs) have a url that links to the title of the post. Well, that ok if your title has 4 to 5 words, and its not ok if the number goes anything more than 5. I would seriously advise people to have a URL with a maximum of 5 words.

• For example: Instead of having url www.itomo.org/how-to-speed-up-google-indexing-process/ You can use www.itomo.org/speed-google-indexing-process/

• If you are blogger then, update your blog regularly, this would say search engines that you are an active blogger and you should always have benefit of faster indexing process.

I hope these points helped you, we will be back soon after finding few more tips.